甲型H1N1流感病毒可能是人为制造!!!

以下分享一则重要新闻，是关于最近沸沸扬扬的甲型H1N1流感病毒的：

国际在线专稿:据彭博社13日报道，澳大利亚一学者在一份即将公布的报告中声称，甲型H1N1流感病毒源自实验室，而非大自然，甚至很有可能是故意制造出来的。获知此事后，世界卫生组织已经展开调查。世卫组织表示，病毒的流传不排除是学者失误的可能性。

　　据悉，撰写该报告的作者是澳大利亚病毒专家吉布兹（Adrian Gibbs）。现已退休的吉布兹上周末将此事上报给位于日内瓦的世界卫生组织总部，称即将在网上公布此报告。

　　报告中，吉布兹指出甲型H1N1病毒可能源自实验室，有可能是制造流感疫苗时发生了意外，或许根本就是故意制造出来的。该消息一出，立刻引起了人们的广泛关注。世界卫生组织在得知此消息后，不敢怠慢，紧急召集了全球人类及动物流感研究专家共商此事，研究报告的真实性。

　　世卫组织高官、权威流感科学家、健康及环境安全代理秘书长福田敬二（Keiji Fukuda）博士在11日的采访中表示，目前大家还在对此进行商讨，并未达成一致。吉布兹对病菌的研究已达40余载，也是首位对甲型H1N1流感病毒的基因组成进行分析的科学家。

　　吉布兹及两名同事对流感病毒8个基因编码的数百个氨基酸（amino acids）序列都进行分析后发现，该病毒基因突变的频率比通常猪身上的病毒高出3倍，说明病毒不可能来自于猪。只可能是病毒在传染到人身上时，先接触到了猪而已。在接受媒体的电话采访中，他表示:“只要我们搞清楚病毒究竟是从何而来，我们才会更加安全。我的研究结果已经得到了包括孟菲斯圣·朱迪儿童研究医院的科研人员里查德·维比(Richard J.Webby)博士等科学家的支持。

　　但福田敬二表示，最初的H1N1新型流感病毒分析报告确实认为该病毒的产生有其他的解释，但吉布兹的论断并非最正确的解释。目前所有的证据，都不支持吉布兹的理论。美国疾病控制中心已对甲型H1N1病毒基因序列做过相当广泛的分析，中心流感部主管南希表示:“我们都对病毒的来源感到好奇，但分析结论并不支持吉布兹的观点。”英国剑桥大学流感病毒演化专家也不赞吉布兹的说法。

吉布兹在接受彭博社的电视采访中也承认，对于病毒的蔓延最简单的解释就是来自实验室的泄露，但也不排除有其他多种的可能性。

Reference：http://news.cctv.com/world/20090514/100644.shtml

本文编辑：白振良

Were Mercury and Mars separated at birth?

The title of the article is ‘Were Mercury and Mars separated at birth?’ This is about the state of Mercury and Mars at birth. It means that Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars set up a system close to symmetrical, with the two largest planets between the two smallest, and Brad Hansen of the University of California, Los Angeles built a numerical simulation to explore how a ring of rocky material in the early solar system could have evolved into the planets, and at last Hansen find that Mercury and Mars were not separated at birth. Hansen find out that the smaller bodies around the sun are typically separated from the larger two bodies Earth and Venus if they experience collisions on the way, like the thought of Earth created the moon, also including Mercury and Mars. As the bodies once beyond the ring, they cannot acquire mass and so remain pint-sized, Mercury and Mars have various properties. And I agree with the idea of Hansen just because she got out the idea through her practices. The only holder of the idea is the simulation, but that can also prove the idea is believable. From the article, I find out that Mercury and Mars were not separated at birth, and also we should fulfill while we explore truth about everything.

Everybody knows forgotten happened with the time passed by, but when does the weakest memory happen and does it have any pattern?
A famous German psychologist named Hermann Ebbinghaus published his lab report in 1885, after that, research on memory becomes one of the most important fields in psychology and he is the person who found the memory forgotten pattern, that is the Ebbinghaus forgotten Curve which is the result of an experiment.
Three Greek alphabets were made up into one syllable by Ebbinghaus which don’t have any real meaning and were the memory objects for Ebbinghaus. In psychology experiment, using words which have real meaning is not allowed because those meaningful words cause different association to memorize. Every eight meaningless syllables were consisted one group and there are total eight groups and Ebbinghaus was the conner. The aim of experiment is to measure time required to memorize the eight groups of syllables. At first, he spent about 1000 seconds. Next, the time taken was contrasted by 580 seconds to memorize the same eight groups of syllables after 20 minutes and the time saving rate is around 58％, in contrast, the forgotten rate is 42％. The curve represents that the forgotten procession is not balanced, after memorizing, the short period of time, the faster rate of forgetting, similarly, the long period of time, the slower rate of forgetting.
The experiment also shows that the forgetting procession is not only related to time but also the meaning, amounts, or orders of materials, even the physical and mental factors.
As a student, we can use the Ebbinghaus Forgotten Curve properly to study. Better understanding, better memorizing. More industrial, more harvest from the study. So, revision regularly can reduce the forgetting rate from studying. According to different types of students, they need different kinds of revision plan. Memorize just like heating water in the pot. If a pot of water is heating up to 100 Celsius degree, it’s easy to reheat up to 100 Celsius degree if it is 70 Celsius degree than 30 Celsius degree. That means after learning, one day review is easier to review than three days later.

THE INVISIBLE CLOAK

Recently, the researchers of University of California, Berkeley have successfully made the staffs in the “invisible cloak” disappear.

Zhang Xiang (Xiang Zhang) is the University of California, Berkeley Department of Materials Science, Chief Scientist and its nano-science and engineering research center director. His researching team used silicon nano-materials to create a "cloak". The ordinary optical detection will not be able to find the items that placed in the mantle - although we are still able to see this "cloak", the items under the cloak have been "disappeared" without a trace. After exposing to a light plane, changing direction and refracting, the items in our vision vanish.

This device includes composite materials (composite metal materials, dielectric). It extraordinary "stealth" ability is more from the unique structure rather than material. They also invented the two new nano-materials which use silver and magnesium fluoride in turn to constitute fishing net into the new materials and generate from the porous alumina nano-silver line. Both materials can change the direction of light. It's an impossible character for the natural features.

Now, the invisible cloak can be operated in 1400 ~ 1800 nanometer wavelength. That is almost near-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, slightly longer than light, visible to the naked eye of human. Zhang said that as the medium composition and design, the invisible cloak is easier to make and has a (coverage area) progressive expansion.

To think in an optimistic way, Researchers can create new materials in order to create a more accurate device - in other words, a real visual stealth.

In this experiment, they have already proved that the light refraction led to the principles of stealth is applicable in the two-dimensional space. The next goal is to create a cloak in the three-dimensional space and put such a device into practical use as soon as possible.